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Mobile WebSiteSince its inception, offshore wind has a history of less than 30 years and its technology innovation is impressive. If this rate of development continues, the future of offshore wind will show what kind of scene?
The most obvious trend is the further enlargement of wind turbines. The continuous improvement in blade manufacturing technology and driveline performance today allows wind turbines to use larger blades with a correspondingly higher stand-alone capacity. At present, the stand-alone capacity of the mainstream offshore wind turbines has reached 6 MW, wind wheel diameter of 150 meters. With larger units, better economics can be achieved by increasing reliability and by reducing base manufacturing and lifting costs at the same power. It is estimated that offshore wind turbines with a stand-alone capacity of 10 MW will be put into commercial use by the 1920s and units with a stand-alone capacity of 15 MW will be available by the 1930s.
The vast majority of offshore wind farms built in our country and even in the world today are offshore wind farms. In the future, offshore wind power is bound to develop into the deep-sea due to its broader reach, wider wind energy resources, more stable wind speed and no conflicts with offshore fishing grounds and routes. The wind turbine foundations described above all need to be combined with the seabed to provide bearing capacity, whereas deep sea wind turbines, if they are still
used, will grow in size and cost along with their depth. In other words, deep-sea wind turbines will only be able to choose the method of supporting the load with the buoyancy of seawater, ie the floating foundation.
The use of a floating foundation allows wind turbines to get out of the shackles of different seafloor conditions, standardizes basic design and minimizes offshore operations. At the same time it will have good maneuverability and can easily disarm fixed anchors back to the port when maintenance is needed or if typhoons are avoided. In October 2017, the world's first large-scale offshore floating wind farm project to be commercialized - Hayward Scotland (a floating wind farm that has been in operation in the UK waters, has 5 6 MW wind turbines each with wind power The machine stands on a floating foundation of more than 100 meters and three anchor cables connecting the seafloor with a total weight of up to 11,200 tons. China has also started research on floating wind turbines and plans to open the first offshore floating wind power plant in 2019 project.
At present, even the under construction Dafeng Offshore Wind Farm located 45km from the shore still plans to supply land with high voltage AC power with simple connection and low cost. However, with the development of large-scale and deep-sea offshore wind power, AC transmission will be limited by the transmission distance. DC transmission will be the development direction of offshore wind far-away transmission. In particular, flexible high-voltage DC, which can automatically adjust voltage, frequency and power, Economic advantages. For example, in Germany, a borough 1 offshore wind farm (with 80 5 MW turbines) located 130 km from the shore, the voltage was first raised to 155 kV by the offshore booster station and then converted to 150 thousand by the offshore converter station V DC transmission to the mainland. For the first time in China, demonstration projects in South Australia use flexible DC transmission technology to connect a number of wind farms located on Nan'ao Island to the on-grid grid at a distance of 40 km and retain the ability to access offshore wind farms in the future.
International Renewable Energy Agency believes that by 2030, the total installed capacity of offshore wind will reach 100 million kilowatts. By that time, perhaps huge windmills will be the children's first impression of the oceans.
